Erna Karule

(in passport:  Gailite)

Prof., Dr. habil. Phys. Erna Karule Head of the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy, University of Latvia Location: Skunu  iela 4 Riga, Latvia Phone: +371 722 9747 Fax: +371 790 1214 E-mail: karule@latnet.lv Mailing address: Institute of Physics, Salaspils-1, LV-2169, Latvia

Born: March 22, 1935, Riga, Latvia ( Karule is the maiden name)

Citizenship: Latvian

Scientific Interests :

• Theoretical Atomic Physics
• Interaction of Laser Radiation with Atoms

- Atom electron collisions (in sixties of 20th century)
- Interaction of Laser Radiation with Atoms: multiphoton ionization, deformation of atomic spectra in  electromagnetic field, harmonic generation.

Languages: Latvian (native), English (fluent), Russian (fluent), French 

Education:

· University of Latvia (Faculty of Physics and Mathematics: Discipline Physics), 1954-1959.

· USSR Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics, Ph.D. in Western countries),  University of Latvia, 1966, Thesis: "Collisions of slow electrons with atoms of alkaline metals".

· USSR Doctor of Sciences in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, University of StPetersburg. 1990. Thesis: "Multiphoton ionization of atomic hydrogen".

· Dr. habil. Phys. (1992, nostrificated-equalized to the degrees in Latvia).

Career history:

Institute of Physics -

· Engineer, 1959 - 1960

· Junior Researcher, 1959-1963

· Senior Engineer , 1964-1966,

· Senior Researcher, 1967-1985

· Leading Researcher, 1986-1993

· Professor,  Head of Laboratory of Theoretical Physics1993

Institute of Atomic Physics and Spectroscopy -

· Since 1994 Head of the Group of Theoretical Physics

Honors and Awards

· In 1967 together with V.Veldre, R.Damburg, R.Peterkop and M.Gailitis  awarded with the Latvian State prize for the cycle of papers: Theory of slow electron collisions with atoms"

International Cooperation

· Nod Leader from Latvia in the ES Network "Electron and Photon Interaction with Atoms, Ions and Molecules" (coordinator P.G.Burke, UK), 1994-1996

Participation in organization of Conferences:

• 1991-1992 Chair of the Local Organizing Committee IV European Conference of Atomic and Molecular Physics (Riga, 6-10 April 1992)
• 1992-1994 member of the International Organizing Committee for 18, 19 International Conference on the Physics of Electronic Atomic Collisions

Membership in Scientific Associations

• Member of American Physical Society.
• Member of the Latvian Physical Society .
• Member of Council of Nordic and Baltic countries in theoretical physics (1994-1999) (NORDITA, Denmark)
• Member from Latvia to IUPAP GA (General Assembly) Commission No13:  “Physics for development”.

Main Publications

• E.Karule and A.Gailitis, AC-Stark shift of the ground state of atomic hydrogen, Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics 78, N7-8, 2004, 817-820.
• E. Karule, A.Gailitis, The closed form of the second-order energy shift for the discrete spectrum of atomic hydrogen, J. Phys. B.: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37, 2004, 829-841.
• E.Karule,  B.Moine “The general expression for transition amplitude of two-photon ionization of atomic hydrogen.”, J.Phys.B.: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.  36, 2003, 1963-1969.
• E.Karule “Transition matrix elements in the closed form for free-free   transitions and ATI of atomic hydrogen in Rydberg States”, 2000  In: “Multiphoton Processes" ICOMPVIII,  8^th International Conference on Multiphoton Processes, AIP Conference Proceedings, Melville, New York, (editors L.F. DiMauro, R.R.Freeman , K.C.Kulander)   p. 3-10.
• E.Karule “Closed form for two photon free-free transition matrix elements”, 2000,  Radiation   Physics and Chemistry , 59, p.155-157.
• A.Gailitis and E.Karule.  Hydrogen  Atom  Level-Mixing  in Strong Laser Fields. In: "Resonance Ionization  Spectroscopy", 1994, AIP Press, American Institute of Physics, New York, p. 411-414.
• E.Karule  "Multiphoton ionization of atomic hydrogen  using perturbation theory" . 1991. In:  Advances  in  atomic,  molecular  and optical physics. /Eds. D. Bates and B. Bederson/  -  Academic Press, New York, 1991, v.27, p.265-299.  /Review paper/.
• E.Karule and R.H.Pratt. "Transformed Coulomb Green function Sturmian expansion", 1991, J.Phys.B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 24, 1585
• E. Karule. "Above-threshold ionization of atomic  hydrogen", J.Opt. Soc. Am. B, 1990, 7, No 4, 631-638
• E.Karule "Integrals of two hypergeometric functions", 1990,  J.Phys.A: Math. Gen. 23, 1969-1971

·  E.Karule "Above-threshold ionization of atomic hydrogen." J.Opt.Soc.Am. B 1990, .7, No 4, p. 631-638. .

· E.Karule  "Multiphoton  ionization  of  atomic  hydrogen" Dr. Sc. Thesis, St.Petersburg University, 1990, 202 pages.

· E.Karule "Analytical continuation of the transition matrix elements and multiphoton above-threshold ionisation of atomic hydrogen." 1988, J.Phys.B: At.. Mol. Opt. Phys. 21, No 11,  1997-2014. 

· E.Karule "Multiphoton ionisation of atomic hydrogen by extra photons" ,  In: "Atomic spectra and collisions in  external fields". 1988, Plenum Press, New York, p. 409-416.

· E.Karule "Calculation of two-photon ionization of  atomic  hydrogen above the photoelectric threshold by the  method  of  analytic continuation"  In:  "Theoretical  Group  Methods  in Physics" (russian and english versions) v. 2, Moscow,  Nauka, 1986, p. 525-532. 

· E.Karule  "Two-photon  ionisation   of   excited   atomic hydrogen at the photoelectric threshold and above" J.Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Phys.,1985, 18, No 11, p. 2207-2218.

· E.Karule  "Two-photon  ionisation  of  atomic   hydrogen simultaneously with one photon ionisation." J.Phys. B:  Atom. Mol. Phys.,1978, 11, No 3, p. 441-447. 

· E.Karule "Multiphoton ionization of atomic hydrogen"  In: "Multiphoton Processes", Proceedings of papers of  International.  Conf. on  Multiphoton Processes, Rochester, N.Y. 1977, p. 159-169

· E.Karule " Multiphoton  ionization  of  atomic  hydrogen in ground state",

· (N up to 16), In: "Atomic Processes." (Ed. R.Peterkop, in Russian), Zinatne, Riga, 1975, p.5-24

· E.Karule  "On the  evaluation  of  the transition  matrix  elements    for    multiphoton    processes in atomic hydrogen."  J.Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Phys., 4, 1971, p. L67-70.

· E.Karule, R.Peterkop  "Differential  cross  sections  of elastic electron scattering by alkali atoms." Izv.  ZA  Latv. SSR, Fiz. Tehn. serija (In Russian) 1972, No p.3-8. 

· E.Karule "The spin polarization  and  differential  cross sections in the elastic  scattering  of  electrons  by  alkali metal atoms." J.Phys. B: Atom. Mol. Phys.,  4,  1971,  p. 67-70. 

· E.Karule, R.Peterkop  "Differential  cross  sections  of inelastic electron scattering by alkali atoms." Izv. ZA Latv. SSR, Fiz. Tehn. serija (In Russian) 1971, No 1, p.3-6. 

· E.Karule. "Polarization  of  Potassium  and  Cesium  atom resonance lines excited by electron impact."  Izv.  ZA  Latv. SSR, Fiz. Tehn. serija (In Russian) 1970, No 6, p.27-32.

· E.Karule. "Polarization of alkali  atom  resonance  lines excited by electron impact." Izv. ZA Latv.  SSR,  Fiz.  Tehn. serija (In Russian) 1970, No 3, p.31-36. 

· E.Karule  "Polarization  of  lithium  and  sodium   atom resonance lines excited by electron impact." J.Phys.B,  1970,  3, p. 860-866.

· E.Karule "Collisions of slow electrons with alkali atoms" Thesis of Cand. of Sc.  (In  Russian),  Riga,  University  of  Latvia,  1966, 151 pages.

· E.Karule, R.Peterkop "Collisions of slow  electrons  with alkali atoms." In: "Effective  cross  sections  for  electron atom collisions" (In Russian) Riga, Zinatne, 1965, pp. 3-31.   

· E.Karule  "Elastic  scattering  of  electrons  by  alkali atoms"  In:  "Effective  cross  sections  for  electron  atom collisions" (In Russian) Riga, Zinatne, 1965, pp. 33-55. 

· E.Karule, R.Peterkop "Collisions of slow  electrons  with alkali  atoms".  In:"Physics   of   Electronic   and   Atomic Collisions" New York, Science Bookrafters, 1965, 134-139. 

· E.Karule "Elastic scatering of  low-energy  electrons  by alkali  atoms"  In:  "Physics  of   Electronic   and   Atomic Collisions" New York, Science Bookrafters, 1965, 139-142. 

· E.Karule "Elastic scatering of  low-energy  electrons  by alkali atoms" Phys. Lett. 1965, v.15, No 2, 137-138.

· E.Karule, R.Peterkop  "Electron  collisions  with  Lithium atoms in close coupling approximation." Opt. and Spectroscopy (In Russian) 1964, v. 16, No 6, p. 958-961. 

Research Projects

· Latvian Council of Science Grant No 01-0061 "Atoms in strong laser fields." E.Gailite-Karule is the Holder of this grant for the Group of Theoretical Physics.